Optimization of irrigation areas based on stochastic hydrology and hydroponic systems in the community Centro Rivera, Desaguadero River Central Highland

Edwin Torrez Soria, Hugo Luis Soliz Flores

Abstract

The hydrological, climatic and ecological conditions observed in the study area, located on the banks of the Desaguadero River, show a low productive capacity. Among the limiting factors we can point out the minimum and maximum temperatures for long periods, which are directly related to frequent night frosts, lack of water during some months of the year, high evapotranspiration rate, limited amount of nutrients and organic matter in the Soil and poor quality of surface water and groundwater. With the use of stochastic modeling software and the application of methodologies we compared two future scenarios for the periods 2011-2030 and 2046-2065. In these periods it is shown that the minimum and maximum temperatures increase by an average of 2 ºC in relation to the base period. When performing the piezometric analysis at groundwater levels of the production area, and according to the location it was determined that the piezometers near the river and irrigation channels do not show considerable variations in the water table, but if the ones found Away from them. RAS is high indicating high sodium content and classified as water not suitable for use in irrigation. The results obtained by ABRO indicate that for future scenarios there will be a decrease of 8 to 14 hectares in relation to the base scenario. Based on these results, production alternatives for semi-arid zones, hydroponic green forage (FVH) were proposed. The production of hydroponic green forage compared to traditional systems allows the saving of 50% of water in a system in which 5 kg of seeds/m² were used, with trays of 0.50 x 1 m, in two 4 row shelves with Capacity of 96 trays. In this system is intended to produce up to 50 kg per day of green fodder in a total area of ​​48 m². Under this system of production in one year can obtain 18250 kg of fresh forage, compared to the production of 2 hectares of alfalfa in open field that has a yield of 5880 kg ha^-1 in only two cuts. Therefore, the production of hydroponic green fodder would amount to 6 hectares of open field surface.